Just like other chicken dishes, the origin of chicken soup is linked to the history of the domestication of fowl, stretching back 7,000 to 10,000 years ago, which probably took place either in ancient India or Southeast Asia. The Ancient Greeks also had their own version of chicken broth, and believed the soup to have healing properties.

Today, the dish is a staple meal in cuisines from all around the world. The popular version of the dish that today is recognized as American classic chicken soup, which typically uses root vegetables including carrot, onion, leeks and celery, was first a staple across Northern Europe. The recipe was brought to the United States by immigrants from Scotland and Poland, and can ultimately trace its origin to a version of chicken soup commonly served in Mennonite, Amish and Jewish communities in Europe.

Chicken soup is made from chicken, simmered in water, usually with various other ingredients. The classic chicken soup consists of a clear chicken broth, often with pieces of chicken or vegetables; common additions are pasta, noodles, dumplings, or grains. Chicken soup in many countries is considered a comfort food.